Acne, commonly known as pimples, is a skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells.
It is a common condition, especially during adolescence, but it can affect people of all ages.
The most common areas for acne to appear are on the face, neck, chest, back, and shoulders.
Here’s a breakdown for the keyfactors contributing to the development of acne:
1.Sebum Production: Sebaceous glands in the skin produce an oily substance called sebum. During adolescence, hormonal changes can lead to an increased production of sebum.
2.Dead Skin Cells: Skin cells are constantly renewing themselves. As they die, they can mix with sebum, forming a plug in the hair follicles (pores).
3.Bacteria: The blocked follicles create an environment where bacteria, particularly Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), can thrive. This can lead to inflammation and the formation of pimples.
There are different types of acne lesions, including:
Whiteheads: Closed plugged pores.
Blackheads: Open plugged pores. The color isn’t due to dirt but is a result of the melanin in the skin reacting with oxygen.
Papules: Small, red, raised bumps caused by inflamed or infected hair follicles.
Pustules: Pimples filled with pus.
Nodules: Large, solid, painful lumps beneath the surface of the skin.
Cysts: Deep, painful, pus-filled lumps that can cause scarring.
Acne can be influenced by various factors, including genetics, hormones, diet, stress, and certain medications. Treatment options range from over-the-counter products to prescription medications, depending on the severity of the condition. Dermatologists can provide personalized advice and treatment plans for individuals dealing with acne.
Over-the-counter products, medications, and dermatologist-performed procedures, including microdermabrasion, can also help reduce the appearance of acne scars. To obtain the best results, your dermatologist may recommend more than one treatment
If self-care remedies don’t clear your acne, see your primary care doctor. He or she can prescribe stronger medications. If acne persists or is severe, you may want to seek medical treatment from a doctor who specializes in the skin (dermatologist or pediatric dermatologist).
For many women, acne can persist for decades, with flares common a week before menstruation. This type of acne tends to clear up without treatment in women who use contraceptives.
In older adults, a sudden onset of severe acne may signal an underlying disease requiring medical attention.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warns that some popular nonprescription acne lotions, cleansers and other skin products can cause a serious reaction. This type of reaction is quite rare, so don’t confuse it with any redness, irritation or itchiness that occurs in areas where you’ve applied medications or products.
Seek emergency medical help if after using a skin product you experience:
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